Overview over Religion :: essays research papers

Overview of Religion In this tutorial, you will learn about the religious experience in general and some of its variations around the world. The focus will be on the types of religious beliefs and religious leaders, especially in small-scale societies. An exploration of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, or any other major religion is beyond the scope of this tutorial. The approach taken is that of cultural relativity--religious practices or beliefs are not evaluated in terms of their "correctness" or "sophistication" but, rather, in terms of their function within the societies that maintain them. What is Religion? A religion is a system of beliefs usually involving the worship of supernatural forces or beings. Religious beliefs provide shape and meaning to one's perception of the universe. In other words, they provide a sense of order in what might otherwise be seen as a chaotic existence. Religions also provide understanding and meaning for inexplicable events such as a loved one being killed in an earthquake or some other unpredictable force of nature. For most religious people, their beliefs about the supernatural are at the very core of their world views. Importance of Rituals Symbolic objects used in Christian rituals The performance of rituals is an integral part of all religions. Rituals are stylized and usually repetitive acts that take place at a set time and location. They almost always involve the use of symbolic objects, words, and actions. For example, going to church on Sunday is a common religious ritual for Christians around the world. It usually requires the wearing of somewhat different clothing and interacting with others in a particular manner in a sacred location. At the heart of this experience is a sequence of traditional ritual acts that symbolically represent aspects of the life, teachings, and death of Jesus. Maya Temple in Guatemala built on a high pyramid base to make it a sacred location Most religious rituals are performed in special places and under special conditions, such as in a dedicated temple or at a sacred spot. This is an intentional separation between the secular and the sacred. By being removed from the ordinary world, the sacred acts are enhanced for the believers--the separation makes the rituals more effective. Only allowing initiated people to participate in religious rituals also can have the same effect. Religious ritual reinforces the basic tenets of religion. For instance, the "partaking of the host" in the Catholic mass is a symbolic participation in the "last supper" of Jesus and, by extension, an affirmation of the acceptance of his teachings.

Critical Appriciation of the Two Minuets Hate in 1984

Write a critical appreciation of pages 16-18 â€Å"in its second†¦ uttering a prayer†. How does the two minutes hate contribute to your understanding of the nightmare world in which Winston lives? The two minutes hate is almost a celebration of a cult, a sort of gathering of religious fanatics to honour their ruler, Big Brother. Orwell uses it to show the expressions of anarchy amongst the ‘leaping and shouting' people and how this would be their only chance to express their human feelings in the nightmare society in which they are forced to live. Winston's dystopian world is displayed in Orwell's unsympathetic parody of the two minutes silence in commemoration of WWII and epitomises the ‘frenzy' of emotions, the terror and violent culture that Winston has to tolerate. His elaborate view of religious or political fanatics scrutinises these kinds of obsessions and demonstrates how it can over-power a person's life. Control is one of the main components of the two minutes hate. The people are helpless, they are ‘like that of a landed fish' in the robotic machine that is Big Brother. They cannot escape from ‘the voice' that ‘continued inexorably' and there is no escapism to be had in the ‘frenzy' of voices yelling at the screen. This reflects a nightmare that is inescapable until we awake. Winston longs to awaken in a society capable of love, without suffering, but it seems he knows that can never arise. The world for Winston is a steady destruction of all good virtues and basic human rights that they are so cruelly being denied, which is shown so clearly through this extract. Winston finds it ‘impossible to avoid joining in'. This reflects the lack of control he has in all elements of his nightmarish life. The sheer violence of the episode overwhelms Winston's mentality and creates an isolation of his mind to the rest of the ‘sheep' and is inescapable. He has the power to rebel, although he submits to a ‘hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer'. This juxtaposition of hideousness and ecstasy shows Winston's abhorrence is all towards the party and Big Brother instead of the loathed Goldstein. In Winston's conscious mind he changes into a ‘grimacing, screaming lunatic' and is capable of switching his hate ‘from one object to another'. These images are distinctive of a dystopian novel and relates to the time of obsession and paranoia that was experienced during World War II, when the novel was written. Winston's hate develops into an ‘inescapable' sexual lust for ‘the black haired girl'. He describes his desire to ‘flog her to death' and how it would be a ‘beautiful' sight. This contradiction is Winston's flicker of rebellion against the ‘sinister enchanter' that is Big Brother. This introduces the theme of love versus hate, which is explored throughout the rest of the novel. The pointlessness of the hate strikes Winston as we see Winston's weakness; he has a perplexed mind that cannot comprehend the point to the rage inflicted upon Goldstein. The fickleness of the Party members distresses Winston ‘the sandy haired woman shouting what sounded like â€Å"my Saviour†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as he seems to realise the stupidity of the ‘frenzy'. Orwell contradicts the whole of the Party's endeavour to create a ‘perfect' world and stamp out all feelings, as ‘his heart went out to the lonely, derided, heretic on the screen'. Winston is conveying how he is himself a ‘heretic' and rebelling against the beloved Big Brother which we see later in the novel also as Winston recognizes his rebellious potential. This shows his refusal of living ‘in a world of lies'. This ‘world' epitomises the depression of Winston's nightmare and the society he exists in and at this point, Winston becomes ‘at one with the people about him', his mind is distorted ‘and all that was said of Goldstein seemed to him to be true'. Winston's seemingly only flaw it that subconsciously he switches his thoughts from one side to another and it is only ‘the black haired girl' who lays bare his real personality and sets him straight. The two minutes hate represents Orwell's character and his novel as a whole as we see his hate for the outward expression of human feelings and his ultimate desire for control. We find his detestation of religious extremists on course throughout the novel, which replicates its dark and dystopian themes. He has channelled his hate in to his work and through what may indeed be a representation of the author himself, Winston's Character. Every element of hope is lost for Winston during the two minutes hate. This raises our understanding of an embodiment of a nightmare world that hopelessly celebrates a religious cult and its inescapable anarchy, which will ultimately have its revenge on Winston's mutinous mind.

The City Of The Ancient City - 849 Words

As I walk the grounds of the ancient city to the beautiful sounds of birds chirping and the sun shimmering, I observe the ruins that were left behind from the inevitably of decay as hundreds of years passed and am immediately filled with astonishment by the aspects of the ancient city, allowing for my imagination to visualize the past: the gigantic Theater and Stadium with a roaring audience, the all-mighty Acropolis standing strong, the north and south agora consisting of merchants meanwhile business deals arise in the Civil Basilica, the spacious baths full of chitchat and laughter, the conflicted Bouleuterion (council house), the gracious temple of Aphrodite and Basilica church, the holy Bishop’s palace, the studious Sculptor’s academy, the aesthetically pleasing monumental gate (Tetraplyon), and keenly sculpted statues of Aeneas’ flight from Troy and emperor Claudius. By examining the social, cultural, political, economic, artistic, and religious aspects of t he ancient city, the ancient city will unravel the values of the inhabitant and the influences from complex societies and arraying the role it plays in significant historical events during the 5th century B.C.E. to 5th century C.E of Ancient Rome. The foundation of Ancient Rome is marked by the statue of Aeneas’ flight from Troy and the statue of the emperor Claudius. The statues unravel that the inhabitants valued strong leaders such as Aeneas and Claudius. The statue of Aeneas’s flight from Troy is an illustrationShow MoreRelatedModern City And City Of Ancient China801 Words   |  4 PagesIn 2008, my whole family has moved to Hangzhou, the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province, in Eastern China. Hangzhou is a mix of Garden City and Modern City. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou was the capital city of Ancient China. The long, rich history and cultural connotation make Hang prominent, as well as a necessary terminus of the Grand Canal. Nowadays, Hangzho u keeps its rich historical elements, also developments with modernization construction. Back to my home descriptionRead MoreThe City Of Ancient Greece1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe city-states of ancient Greece were at constant strife with each other. They utterly detested each other and were solely independent. However, many factors unified the Greeks, loosely, at all times, and they even brought the Greeks together at times. These factors came to be because of their similarities of traditions and beliefs. Language, religion, and athletics were all results of these factors. Language unified because everyone would understand what was being said by anyone, and athleticsRead MoreThe City Of Ancient Rome1835 Words   |  8 PagesThe city of Ancient Rome was a major center for the regional and international trade of goods. Rome was colonized in the 8th century BC that expanded and soon became one of the largest empires during the time and is still one of the most famous cities in the world. In the beginning, the empire was only a small town located on the Timber River, whi ch was used for trade. Over time, the city expanded over most of the territory around the Mediterranean Sea and was made up of more than one million peopleRead MoreThe Ancient City Of Palmyra2207 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION The ancient city of Palmyra in Syria has had a turbulent history. Due to its proximity to water, the city of Palmyra became an oasis. It was a stopping point for caravans trekking through the Syrian Desert. With lush green land, it was a destination for many. Within the city, the Temple of Bel was erected honoring the god Bel, the Babylonian ‘Lord of the Heavens’. Since religion played such an integral part of Palmyrenes society, I quest to find out: what was the role of the Temple ofRead MoreAncient Greek And Ancient Roman Cities876 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities between Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman cities, mainly because Roman cities were highly influenced by the Greek. Roman culture reflects the Greek’s culture, their mythologies are closely related and so are the characteristics of the architecture. From one grew the forms of the other and the result created were two beautiful cities with massive amounts of history. This paper will go over the three mai n areas in which Greeks influenced the Romans the most. The first being, the cities and their layoutRead MoreAncient City Of Ur Report934 Words   |  4 PagesANCIENT CITY OF UR REPORT ANCIENT HISTORY REPORT BY DYLAN NAGLE Yr. 11 The ancient Sumerian city of Ur was a southern Mesopotamian city located in what is now modern day Iraq. The city of Ur was established in approximately 3800BC, being inhabited until 450BC. In its prominent state Ur was a city of large scope, size and opulence. That and its position on the Persian Gulf allowed trade with countries as far away as India, bringing the city a vast amount of wealth. In 1922CE Ur becameRead MoreThe Tower Of The Ancient City Jericho870 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the oldest structures in architectural history, there is no definitive answer of when the first set of stairs was created. However some historians have made claim that some of the oldest surviving staircase’s are found in the ruins of the ancient city Jericho, suggesting that the birth of stairs may have been as early as 7,000 years ago. Stairs have throughout the history of humanity played an integral role in civilisation, and continue to do so today. Some of the first examples of the mostRead MoreAncient Greek City States ( Polies )1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay two Ancient Greek city states (polies) will be compared and contrasted showing how despite their differences, they both rose to become predominating powers. Ancient Greece consisted of many small city-states, two of which were Athens and Sparta. Athens was considered the center of fine arts, music, and educational opportunities. Sparta was known for its outstanding military strength and tactical abilities at war. Life for a Spartiate was comprised of constant training and conditioningRead MoreAncient Inca City Of Machu Picchu905 Words   |  4 PagesAn ancient stone city hidden away in the massive Andes Mountains. A city that hold countless secrets and endless beauty. This is the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu. Machu Picchu is a very popular tourist attraction, but many tourists do not know its true signifigance.This â€Å"city in the clouds† is of high importance because it not only is considered an archeological wonder but it is also very important to nature and has much historical and cultural signifigance. Huge stones make up Machu PicchuRead MoreEvidence for Urbanization of Ancient Cities Essays1561 Words   |  7 Pagesurbanization of any ancient city has the best advantage of being seen through our modern day eyes. Looking at the evidence recovered from various sites definitely poses some problems for scholars in trying to place it in the context of the time-line of that city; yet these scholars have the knowledge of the end result of our modern-day societies. Archaeologists and classics scholars know historical trends of human socialization and urbanization for hundreds of years in societies unrelated to ancient ones. Despite

Use Needles to Identify Coniferous Trees

Ethical Leadership Debate - 1654 Words

Reflective Statement Seminar Four: Ethical Leadership Debate Guiding Reflective Question | Student Reflection | What was the definition of ‘ethical leadership’ adopted by the participants in the debate?What is the role of the directors as envisaged by Codes of Corporate Governance and wider society?Are these expectations consistent with the ideas of ethical leadership? | The four characters, Mike, Jan, Mei-Hua and Deshi were portrayed as individuals with starkly differing views on ethical leadership. Mike believes that strong influence of ethical leaders in organizations will shape people within. Meanwhile, Jan’s idea of ethical leadership involves her employees taking up of social responsibility which she believes will be able to†¦show more content†¦| In a shareholder company, the main conflict lies in the needs of the stakeholders, both internal and external, and the survival of the business itself (Jones et al. 2007). This could be commonly seen in 1) monetary terms, wher e employees expectations of wages are in conflict with profit maximization 2) environmental terms, when the needs of increased producing might directly increase pollution or indirectly stress the environment by depleting resources unsustainably and 3) supplier-consumer terms, where consumer demands for lower prices while suppliers strive to obtain better prices for services and goods they provide (Goodpaster 1991). Ethical leadership ensures that decisions are made only after considering the interests of all involved parties. It will discourage the influence of external pressures and self-interest from manifesting top managers and, in turn, satisfy the stakeholders by addressing their concerns (Goodpaster 1991). Hence, it could be argued that ethical leadership encourages empathy, which aids shareholder companies to reach a common understanding. Although this will not effectively remove the tensions permanently, it will however reduce it to manageable levels, ultimately ensuring the survival of the business. | What are the challenges in really delivering ethical leadership and how much of this is caused by the profit maximisation that underlies shareholder focus? | In my opinion, the identification andShow MoreRelatedEthical Leadership in the Universal Business World659 Words   |  3 Pagesunethical person with a good reputation or an ethical person with a reputation for injustice. Ethical leadership has long been a debate in regards to its importance and place in the universal business world. Hard wired leaders are usually very set in their ways whether those ways are ethical or not. Leaders are hard wired in terms of their morals, and ethical value and cannot change otherwise. For example a leader who is hard wired as being ethical would be an all-rounder in terms of being a moralRead MoreQualities Traits And Styles Of Leadership1364 Words   |  6 PagesStyles of Leadership - Research and evaluate a theory of leadership and the role of one or more ethical leaders in creating and maintaining an ethical business organization. Leaders and their chosen styles of leadership are all different. In an early study of identifying the different styles, Kurt Lewin ,who led a group of researchers in 1939, performed the first major study of leadership styles. This early study has remained quite influential as it established the three major leadership styles:Read MoreThe Role of Ethics and Law in Creating and Maintaining Efficient Markets 1856 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction. With the public debate going on nowadays, regarding environmental and social issues, there is a proficient need to educate future business leaders on actually how to run a business in a manner that contributes towards modern day concepts of sustainability and protection of natural resources around the world. The global business leaders of tomorrow will need to be flexible and able to incorporate all aspects of good decision-making in an increasingly complex global businessRead MoreEthics And Corporate Social Responsibility1637 Words   |  7 PagesPractices of Leadership contributed to Managing Sustainability: Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in the post-bureaucratic era. â€Å"Leadership is the process of directing, controlling, motivating and inspiring staff toward the realization of stated organizational goals† (Clegg, S.R. Kornberger, M. Pitsis. 2011, p.126.) Leadership in the post-bureaucratic era is essential for the success of a company, and also plays part into the Sustainability of Ethics and Corporate Social ResponsibilityRead MoreThe Core Essence Of Servant Leadership From A Biblical Perspective1605 Words   |  7 Pagesof ‘Servant Leadership’ from a Biblical perspective, which might be able to provide practical, theological, and hermeneutical insights in order to develop leadership competency and a healthy prosperous ministry, as oppose to the current secular ‘leadership’ myths and fascination in our church, culture and society. Admittedly, over the years I have always admired and strived to adopt a servant leader attitude in all my endeavors. Equally, the paper will reflect on ‘Servant Leadershi p’ through theRead MoreThe Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World by Marcia Angell967 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch studies, the ethical debate in regards to the protection and rights of their subjects. Is it feasible to expect the same standards to apply in certain countries where an economical imbalance between what is possible and what is not can be the largest hurdle to overcome? These are key issues examined in the New England Journal of Medicine by author Marcia Angell, M.D., and co-authors Harold Varmus, M.D. and David Satcher, M.D. in their respective articles that consider the ethical standards thatRead MoreThe Concept of Ethical Obligations1538 Words   |  6 PagesThe Concept of Ethical Obligations The Central Intelligence Agency The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) is a civilian intellect agency. It is an execution of the government of the United States of America. More so, CIA is an executive organization that directly reports to the DNI (Director of Nation Intelligence) (White, 2008). Of note is that the agency is tasked with offering national security intellect evaluation to senior policy makers of the United States. It must be noted that intelligenceRead MoreAlahmad and Murphy on Business Ethics Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle on To Be Ethical or Not to Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership and Patrick Murphy’s 2009 article on The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions. Some key findings of Alahmad’s writings were that ethics and leadership were closely tied together; they were found to be derivatives of one another. He mentioned that ethics is an individual thought process of making good or poor decisions. Alahmad described an international code of leadership that was heavilyRead MoreThe Ethics of Leadership1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ethics of Leadership David Draper Ashford University BUS 610- Organizational Behavior Dr. Gary Shelton March 18, 2013 ABSTRACT The paper explores the leadership of Robert Nardelli at home depot during the years of 2000 through 2006. The paper focuses on his methods and actions in the context of leadership theory in an effort to define his specific leadership style. Once defined the paper examines his methods and actions to determine if they were ethical or unethical. Nardelli’sRead MoreUnit Three Essay. What Is Leadership? How Does Society1506 Words   |  7 PagesThree Essay What is leadership? How does society define as good and bad leaders? What are the traits most embodied by the successful leaders? These questions, along with many other, have been the topic of debate for centuries. Defining leadership in hard terms can be a challenging thing. In one hand, soldiers in the Army, for instance, can recite the definition of a leadership that came out of a publication. On the contrary, most soldiers will struggle to define what leadership means to them, in their

The Grand Budapest Hotel Free Essays

Wes Andersons colourful and cartoonish style film The Grand Budapest Hotel, was visually captivating and quickly engrossed the viewer in a fairy tale style setting unlike many others. Originally I was skeptical about watching this film as I failed to do so the first time around. That doubt quickly faded once I took the time to truly analyze it, and realize the wonderful art that was captured in his work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grand Budapest Hotel or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pastel hues ranging from pinks to blues painted the film in an otherworldly setting that immediately grabbed the viewers attention. Not only were the colours visually satisfying but their ability to change the atmosphere and tone of each scene was extremely well executed. From the elegant purples used in the hotel outfits to display the establishments ritziness, to the eerily dark outfits worn by the antagonists whos minds were corrupted by greed, every moment was greatly influenced by the colour theme chosen and guided the viewers emotions consistently throughout. The environments in which the characters lived were vibrant and never clashed with the outfits but rather contrasted wonderfully. Every aspect of the film had a part and was never outweighed by another, this shows the great attention to detail that Anderson flawlessly executed. Another aspect of the movie that stood out was the film style. Many techniques were used throughout the film to achieve the comedic, cartoon style that is quite unique to Andersons work. Flattened visuals created the feeling as if everything from the foreground to the background was pressed together into a two dimensional picture. That aspect along with the characters rapid dialogue and the eccentric settings in which they lived, created a Fascinating world that one would wish to visit. Anderson also used three different aspect ratios to convey the different time periods in the film. Those included the thirties, the sixties, and the eighties. Seeing as â€Å"Aspect ratios for U.S. films rarely change† (Chiu, 1) it was fascinating to see someone go against the norm and try incorporate three different aspects to differentiate between the times in the movie. Though they are subtle, they can change the tone of a scene and display the characters in a different light that is more unconventional to other directors. The beautiful cinematography in this film is testament to Andersons ability to create a wonderfully rich and unparalleled film. Unlike many films in this day and age that seem to repeat the same process as the last, this film definitely stands out. How to cite The Grand Budapest Hotel, Papers

Parts of a Newspaper Essay Example For Students

Parts of a Newspaper Essay Business tells you the things that are happening business-wise. (media and advertising, world business, economy, stock markets, mutual funds, etc. L. Technology contains things that are going in and out of style in the technology world. J. Science contains things that are happening in medical world. (e. G. Outer space, environment, etc. ) K. Health talks about modern day human health and health problems. L. Sports talks about games. (ball games, Olympic games, SEA games, etc. ) M. Education contains the trend n the world of education. (students Achievement, schools, etc. ) N. Weather contains the weather for the day O. Obituaries contains people who passed away and their death should be mentioned to the community, p. Classified Ads ? contains open jobs and job description plus job requirements. Other parts include: Cover Page Story, Table of Contents, Editors pool, Entertainment, etc. Commentary is a series of giving explanations and interpretations Guidelines in Writing a Commentary: There is no recipe for doing commentaries The elements that make up a successful commentary tend to vary and will depend on the nature of the text and on particular approaches to it. Nor is there a single right answer to any passage for commentary. A good commentary may well consist of a number of pertinent questions raised by the passage. However, certain tendencies should be avoided: 1. A commentary should not be pr ©CICS of the passage. Summary and description are not commentary. 2. A commentary should not dwell on the context of the passage and should in general avoid venturing into other parts of the work from which the extract is taken. IT should likewise avoid excursions into the wider oeuvre of the author 3. It is not necessary to write out quotations from the passage this can waste valuable time. The following points should be considered: 1. A commentary benefits by paying close attention to the use of language. 2. 2. IT is important to pay attention to the means of representation and to address not only the quest of WHAT is said but of HOW it is said. 3. There is no need to ascribe to the text a definitive meaning or structure. It is fine to problematic the text. Critique is a method of disciplined systematic analysis of a written or oral discourse, Critique is commonly understood as fault finding and negative judgment, but can also involve merit recognition, and in the philosophical tradition. It also means a methodical practice of doubt. The contemporary sense of critique has been largely influenced by the enlightenment critique of prejudice and authority, Which championed the emancipation and autonomy from religion and political authorities. Critique is an accepted format of written or oral debate. Stating a Purpose: k It is important to state your purpose clearly at the beginning of your talk. Here are some ways to do this: * *talk about to speak about a subject Example: Id like to talk about our plans for the new site. * *report on to tell you about what has been dine. * Example: Ill be reporting on the progress we have made since last meeting. *take a look at examine * Example: First, lets take a lo at what we have achieved so far. * *tell you about to give someone information or instruction. Example: Our reporters will tell you about what is happening in Visas. *show to explain something y doing * Example: The object of the orientation is to show you how to put the theory into practice. Outline- to give the main facts or information * Example: Give me an outline of the new policy. K Fill you in on to give extra or missing information k Example: will till you in on the details you just missed during the meeting, * *Give an overview of to give a short description with general information but with no details. *highlight draw attention to or emphasize important facts. * *discuss ? to talk about ideas or opinions on subject in more detail